High school transformation starts with listening—but real magic happens when students lead. These two youth-led projects went beyond engagement, empowering students to explore innovation in their local schools as contributors on youth-adult research teams.

We heard from four high school researchers who participated in youth participatory action research (YPAR) projects that, at their core, grappled with a central question: What needs to change about high schools? Their work—Adopted Measure of Math Engagement and Better Together: How inclusive design as a policy process impacts stakeholder understanding, ownership, and engagement in assessment and accountability innovation—represents just two of many youth inputs informing the Carnegie Foundation’s National Research and Development Agenda. Informed by a broad range of stakeholders, including parents, students, educators, and scholars, the R&D Agenda outlines key priorities and research questions to support high school innovation at scale.

In this Q&A, four youth researchers reflect on what makes schools truly work for students, and why engaging their voices is key to meaningful change. Serrah Ssemukutu (9th) represents the “Adopted Measure of Math Engagement” project, based in Bloomington, MN. Raelynn Donovan (11th grade), Jonah Hamby (11th), and Jace Harper (10th) represent the “Better Together” project, which is based in Scottsville, KY. 

What do you think are the most important factors for creating learning environments where students are both engaged and challenged? What has this looked like for you?

Serrah Ssemukutu, 9th grade: The most important elements of a successful learning environment are strong, positive relationships between students and teachers, as well as supportive interactions among peers. For me, this means feeling comfortable asking my teachers questions and being able to rely on my classmates when I need help or collaboration.

Raelynn Donovan, 11th grade: Having a great connection with the instructor is an important factor. When students feel understood and supported by their teacher, they’re more likely to participate and challenge themselves. This kind of relationship can make even challenging material feel like it’s more manageable and increase motivation. 

Jonah Hamby, 11th grade: I think an important factor in creating learning environments where students are engaged and challenged is brainstorming. Brainstorming allows for the student to stay engaged in the task, while also challenging them to pick out the best solution.

Jace Harper, 10th grade: I think that you need to have a strong teacher-student relationship. In the classes where I have that, I tend to receive a better grade.

What role do you believe students can and should play in driving meaningful change toward a future of education that empowers them with both essential skills (communication, critical thinking, creativity) and knowledge (e.g., History, Math) for success?

Serrah: I believe students should have a meaningful voice in their education because ultimately, it affects their lives the most. They should feel empowered to speak openly with the people they need to, but also confident in standing up for what they believe in. If there are aspects of the school system they disagree with, students should feel supported in expressing their concerns and advocating for positive change.

Raelynn: All students should express their opinions on their education through feedback, feelings, and ideas on what assists their personal learning processes. Students are more engaged with the learning process when they have a say. Students will be 100% invested in the decision-making process of their education, thus leading to a system that prepares them for the world.

Jonah: Students should speak out and stay involved in school and different clubs. This develops leadership and good communication skills for challenging speaking situations.

Jace: Being able to connect with teachers more and not just being there because you have to.

What advice would you give policymakers, educators, and school leaders on how to better connect and partner with students to ensure student success in high school and beyond?

Serrah: My advice to educators is to take the time to truly get to know their students. Building a sense of connection and community with those you teach is essential. When students feel seen, heard, and supported, they’re more likely to feel empowered in their learning—which can lead to greater success in high school and beyond.

Raelynn: Policymakers, educators and school administrators should make it a priority to form positive and respectful relationships with their students by listening to, trusting, and responding to their voices and opinions. Providing spaces for students to feel included can also enhance the quality of policy and culture within a school.

Jonah: Give students more opportunities to speak out and encourage them to do so. Also, keep students informed on what is happening within the school.