Examinations and their Substitutes in the United States Bulletin Number Twenty-eight

Examinations and their Substitutes in the United States, by I. L. Kandel, a professor of education and associate in the International Institute, Teachers College, Columbia University, resulted from the international examinations inquiry instituted by Carnegie Corporation of New York. The study, presented at the request of the corporation, offers a unified account of the experience of the United States with examinations and their substitutes, and contains chapters on the problem of examinations and their social setting, the traditional examination, the scientific attack on examinations, and education, examination, and the individual. An appendix describes the international examinations inquiry.